Association of Carotid Intraplaque Hemorrhage and Territorial Acute Infarction in Patients with Acute Neurological Symptoms Using Carotid Magnetization-Prepared Rapid Acquisition with Gradient-Echo

Objective

The purpose of our study was to assess prevalence of carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and associations between territorial acute infarction and IPH on magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition with gradient-echo (MPRAGE) in patients with acute neurologic symptoms.

Methods

83 patients with suspected acute neurologic symptoms were evaluated with both brain diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and carotid MPRAGE sequences. Carotid plaque with high signal intensity on MPRAGE of >200% that of adjacent muscle was categorized as IPH. We analyzed the prevalence of IPH and its correlation with territorial acute infarction.

Results

Of 166 arteries, 39 had a carotid artery plaque. Of these arteries, 26 had carotid artery stenosis less than 50%. In all carotid arteries, MR-depicted IPH was found in 7.2% (12/166). High-signal intensity on DWI was found in 17.5% (29/166). Combined lesion with ipsilateral high-signal intensity on DWI and IPH on carotid MPRAGE sequence was found in 6 lesions (6/166, 3.6%). Of patients with carotid artery plaque, MR-predicted IPH was found in 30.8% (12/39) and match lesions with high-signal intensity on DWI and MPRAGE was found in 15.4% (6/39). MR-predicted IPH was significantly higher prevalence in high-grade stenosis group (p=0.010). Relative risk between carotid MPRAGE-positive signal and ipsilateral high-signal intensity on DWI in arteries with carotid artery plaques was 6.8 (p=0.010).

Conclusion

Carotid MPRAGE-positive signal in patients was associated with an increased risk of territorial acute infarction as detected objectively by brain DWI. The relative risk of stroke was increased in high-grade stenosis categories.     

Nonprogressive Unilateral Intracranial Arteriopathy in Children with Arterial Ischemic Stroke

The nonprogressive unilateral intracranial arteriopathy known as transient (focal) cerebral arteriopathy is not a well-recognized arteriopathy among practitioners of Korea and Japan, although it cannot be easily differentiated from early moyamoya disease. This review summarizes the nomenclature, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, clinico-radiological features, and management of nonprogressive (reversible or stable) unilateral arteriopathy based on the relevant literature and our own experiences. Nonprogressive unilateral arteriopathy should be strongly suspected in children presenting with basal ganglia infarction and arterial beading. The early identification of patients likely to have nonprogressive or progressive arteriopathy would ensure proper management and guide further research for secondary stroke prevention.     

CD4+CD25+Treg细胞与缺血性卒中的研究进展

调节性T细胞（regulatory T cell,Treg）是T细胞的一种重要亚群,对于维持机体免疫自稳、防止自身免疫病等具有重要的作用。目前认为,免疫炎性反应贯穿于缺血性卒中发生发展的全过程,脑缺血及缺血后的再灌注所引发的免疫炎性反应在脑缺血再灌注损伤中发挥重要作用。Treg细胞作为负性免疫调节作用细胞,能够明显抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤引起的局部炎性反应,具有一定的脑保护作用。本文综述了CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg细胞在缺血性卒中发病机制中的作用。     

Solitaire~(TM)支架取栓治疗急性基底动脉闭塞研究

目的评估急性基底动脉闭塞患者使用SolitaireTM支架机械取栓的有效性和安全性,分析其临床预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析本中心连续入组的30例急性基底动脉闭塞患者,均使用SolitaireTM支架设备进行机械取栓治疗分析支架,分析取栓治疗的再通率及并发症,评估治疗90 d临床预后,分析影响临床预后的因素。结果 30例患者均顺利完成机械取栓手术。患者平均年龄为(58.6±8.4)岁,术前美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分中位数25.5分(21.3,29.5),格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分中位数8分(6.0,9.8),改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,m RS)评分中位数5分(5.0,5.0)。成功再通[脑梗死溶栓分级(Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia Scale,TICI)3或2b级]28例(93.3%),6例(20.0%)发生症状性颅内出血,9例(30.0%)患者预后良好(m RS 0~2分)。9例死亡,死亡率为30.0%(9/30)。术前患者意识不清(P=0.014)及m RS评分较高(P=0.020)与不良预后(m RS2分)相关。结论使用SolitaireTM支架进行急性基底动脉闭塞患者的机械取栓,有较高的再通率,能够改善功能性预后。     

以意识障碍发病的Percheron动脉闭塞致双侧丘脑缺血性卒中一例

<正>患者男性,70岁。因意识模糊3 d,于2013年1月17日入院。患者3 d前清晨因意识模糊、呼之不应,症状持续不缓解至我院就诊。发病过程中无恶心、呕吐,无小便失禁等症状。既往体格健康,饮酒20年(100 g/d)、吸烟30年(20支/d);否认高血压和糖尿病病史。入院后诊断与治疗经过体格检查:血压128/     

阿司匹林在脑卒中一级预防中的应用

阿司匹林对脑卒中二级预防的效果已经确定,但其在脑卒中一级预防中的获益和风险仍存在较大争议。基于现有的临床证据,仅部分人群从阿司匹林一级预防措施中获益,本文结合相关脑卒中一级预防指南和主要文献,就阿司匹林在脑卒中一级预防中的应用依据、作用机制、适用人群及风险评价等简要概述。     

脑卒中一级预防与健康教育

目前,脑卒中已成为影响我国居民健康的主要威胁,开展一级预防势在必行。健康教育是脑卒中一级预防的重要方式,包括健康生活方式、主要脑卒中危险因素和脑卒中预警征象的教育。众多研究表明,健康教育能够提高公众对疾病的认识程度,增加一级预防依从性,降低脑卒中发生率。专业医疗机构和医务工作者应成为健康教育的主要力量。     

社会心理因素在脑血管病一级预防中的作用

脑血管病是当前世界范围内导致死亡的第2位疾病,随着我国经济增长和人民生活水平的提高,越来越多的证据表明除高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症和肥胖等传统心脑血管病危险因素外,社会应激、焦虑、抑郁等社会心理因素同样与脑血管病的发生密切相关。尽管其确切的发病机制尚不清楚,但仍应引起广大临床医师的重视,本文主要就目前社会心理因素与脑血管病相关性的循证医学证据进行概述。     

颈内动脉内膜剥脱术治疗症状性颈内动脉狭窄临床研究

目的探讨颈内动脉内膜剥脱术在症状性颈内动脉狭窄治疗中的临床应用价值。方法对2012年6月~2014年6月间在我院行颈内动脉内膜剥脱术的症状性颈内动脉狭窄病人的23例临床资料进行回顾性研究并随访。结果术后出现暂时性声音嘶哑1例,术侧多发小梗塞灶1例,颈部血肿保守治疗后恢复2例,未见肢体瘫痪、神志不清等严重并发症;术后CTA、DSA检查示颈动脉通畅;随访6月~2年未见血管再狭窄、严重脑缺血表现。结论颈内动脉内膜剥脱术治疗症状性颈内动脉狭窄是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

综合护理干预对脑卒中抑郁患者的影响

目的：探讨综合护理干预对脑卒中后并发抑郁（PSD ）患者预后的影响。方法将我院2011‐07—2014‐01收治的100例脑卒中后抑郁患者随机分为综合护理组和对照组各50例,对照组采取对症常规护理方法,综合护理组在常规护理的基础上加用早期康复护理和心理指导,观察2组患者预后情况。结果综合护理组总有效率为94.0％,对照组为82.0％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;2组患者干预前HAMD评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,干预后1个月和3个月2组患者的抑郁状态均有改善,但综合护理干预组效果改善情况明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论综合护理干预可改善患者的抑郁状态,从而提高患者的生存质量,加快疾病的康复。